Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) vs. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA): Explaining The Difference for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Many students looking to enter the healthcare field may be confused between becoming a licensed practical nurse (LPN) or a certified nursing assistant (CNA), especially as they consider careers in the rapidly expanding nursing field. The nursing profession is experiencing significant growth, with the global private nursing services market projected to reach $595.28 billion in 2025. Without a clear understanding of these distinctions, aspiring professionals may find it challenging to select the path that aligns best with their career objectives.

This article breaks down the key differences between LPNs and CNAs, including job duties, training, and career outlook. Prepared by experts in career planning, it provides a clear comparison to help readers make an informed decision and confidently pursue the right nursing career.

Key Things You Should Know About the Difference Between Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) vs. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)

• Scope of practice. LPNs perform medical tasks like administering medications and updating health records, while CNAs assist patients with daily activities such as eating and bathing.
• Education and training. LPNs complete approximately one year of training and must pass the NCLEX-PN exam. CNAs undergo shorter programs, ranging from four weeks to a few months, and must pass a state competency exam.
• Licensing and certification. LPNs are licensed nurses authorized to perform a broader range of medical duties, whereas CNAs are certified to provide basic care under supervision.
• Work environments. Both LPNs and CNAs work in settings like nursing homes and hospitals. However, LPNs often have opportunities in physician offices, unlike CNAs.
• Salary differences. LPN salaries typically range from $51,514 to $75,969, while CNA salaries range from $30,874 to $44,629.

Table of Contents

1. What is a licensed practical nurse?
2. What is a certified nursing assistant?
3. How do the education requirements for LPN vs. CNA compare for 2025?
4. What’s the difference in licensing and certification for LPN and CNA?
5. Where do LPNs vs. CNAs typically work?
6. How do the scope and practice of LPNs vs. CNAs compare?
7. How do the costs of becoming an LPN and a CNA compare?
8. How much do LPNs vs. CNAs earn?
9. What are the career advancement opportunities for LPNs vs. CNAs?
10. What challenges do healthcare professionals face in LPN and CNA roles?
11. What industry trends are shaping the future of LPN and CNA roles?
12. What are the continuing education and renewal requirements for LPNs and CNAs?
13. How can online specialization programs expand your nursing opportunities?
14. What skills are essential for LPNs vs. CNAs?
15. Which career is right for you: LPN vs. CNA?
16. How can further education transform your nursing career?
17. What are the long-term career growth prospects for LPNs and CNAs?
18. Other Things You Need to Know About LPN vs. CNA

What is a licensed practical nurse?

A licensed practical nurse is a healthcare professional who provides basic medical care under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs) and doctors. LPNs complete a state-approved educational program, typically lasting about one year, and must obtain licensure to practice. In some states, they are called Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs).

LPNs often work alongside CNAs and RNs, and understanding the MA vs CNA roles can help clarify how each contributes to patient care across different settings.

There were approximately 630,000 licensed practical nurses employed in the United States. The workforce comprises about 87.9% women and 12.1% men, with an average annual growth rate of -1.98% between 2014 and 2022. The demand for LPNs is projected to grow by 5% from 2022 to 2032, with about 54,400 job openings each year, primarily due to workforce turnover and the need to replace workers exiting the labor force.

What is a certified nursing assistant?

A certified nursing assistant is a healthcare professional who provides basic care to patients under the supervision of licensed nursing staff. CNAs assist patients with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility.  In 2022, approximately 1.36 million CNAs were employed in the United States, with 88.7% being women and 11.3% men. 

Those entering the field often begin by learning how to get hired as a new medical assistant, as many of the strategies for securing entry-level healthcare roles apply to CNAs as well.

The demand for CNAs is projected to grow by 4% from 2023 to 2033, aligning with the average growth rate for all occupations. This growth is driven by an aging population requiring increased care in long-term facilities and home healthcare settings. Each year, there are approximately 216,200 job openings for nursing assistants and orderlies, primarily due to workforce turnover and the need to replace workers exiting the labor force.

How do the education requirements for LPN vs. CNA compare for 2025?

LPNs undergo more extensive education than CNAs. LPN programs typically last about one year and are offered at community colleges or technical schools. CNA training programs are available at community colleges, vocational schools, and some medical facilities. Let's dive into the education requirements for each role.

LPN Education Requirements

To become an LPN, one must complete a state-approved practical nursing program that covers nursing principles and patient care. Here are the essential steps to becoming an LPN, including the necessary education.

1. Enroll in a practical nursing program. Choose a program accredited by the state's nursing board, ensuring it meets educational standards. Researching the easiest LPN program to get into can help you find a suitable option with flexible entry requirements.
2. Complete coursework and clinical hours. Engage in both theoretical classes and supervised clinical practice to gain real-world experience.
3. Graduate from the program. Successfully fulfill all academic and clinical requirements to obtain a diploma or certificate.
4. Pass the NCLEX-PN exam. Register for and pass the licensure examination to demonstrate competency as a practical nurse.
5. Obtain state licensure. Apply for licensure from the state's nursing board to practice legally as an LPN.

CNA Education Requirements

Aspiring CNAs must complete a state-approved training program that equips them with essential patient care skills. The steps to becoming a CNA include:

1. Enroll in a CNA training program. Select a program recognized by the state's health department, often available at local colleges or healthcare facilities.
2. Complete required training hours. Participate in classroom instruction and hands-on clinical practice, focusing on fundamental nursing tasks.
3. Pass the competency examination. After training, take and pass the state-administered exam, which includes written and practical components.
4. Obtain state certification. Apply for inclusion in the state's registry of nursing assistants, allowing you to work legally as a CNA. For those looking for the fastest way to become a nurse, pursuing a CNA certification is often the quickest entry point into the healthcare field.

What’s the difference in licensing and certification for LPN and CNA?

LPNs are required to complete a state-approved practical nursing program, typically lasting about one year, and pass the NCLEX-PN exam to obtain licensure. CNAs are required to finish a state-approved training program, usually comprising a minimum of 75 hours of instruction, and successfully pass a competency examination to earn certification. Additional certifications, while often required and optional, can enhance career prospects for both CNAs and LPNs. 

For a broader understanding of how their roles differ in scope and responsibility, you can explore a full comparison of LPN vs RN.

Certifications Available for CNAs

Initial CNA certification enables employment, while specialized certifications enhance skills and career opportunities through additional training and exams. Notable certifications include:

• Certified Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant (CHPNA): This certification focuses on end-of-life care, emphasizing pain management, comfort measures, and support for patients and families during the dying process.
• Certified Wound Care Associate (CWCA): CNAs with this certification are trained in wound management, including assessment, treatment, and prevention strategies for various types of wounds.
• Certified Dialysis Technician (CDT): This certification prepares CNAs to assist in dialysis procedures, monitoring patients undergoing treatment for kidney-related conditions.

Certifications Available for LPNs

While LPNs are not mandated to obtain additional certifications beyond their initial licensure, pursuing specialized certifications can enhance their expertise and career prospects.

• IV Therapy Certification: This credential enables LPNs to administer intravenous therapies, covering topics such as vein anatomy, infection control, and IV procedures.
• Long-Term Care Certification: Focused on caring for chronically ill or elderly patients, this certification emphasizes skills necessary for providing quality care in settings like nursing homes and assisted living facilities.
• Pharmacology Certification: This certification enhances an LPN's knowledge of medications, including proper administration, dosage calculations, and understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
• Nephrology Certification: Specializing in kidney care, this certification prepares LPNs to assist in dialysis and manage patients with renal disorders.
• Wound Care Certification: This credential focuses on assessing and managing various wounds, equipping LPNs with advanced skills in wound treatment and prevention.

Pursuing appropriate education and obtaining relevant certifications significantly enhance your preparedness for certification exams and your overall career in nursing. Recent data shows that the overall passing rate for CNAs is 79.07%, with first-time, U.S.-educated candidates achieving an 88.38% pass rate. In Florida, the CNA pass rate is 87.14%. 

Where do LPNs vs. CNAs typically work?

LPN employment is distributed across various healthcare settings, each requiring their expertise in patient care and medical support, with approximately 657,800 jobs in 2023. Additionally, some LPNs travel across the country to meet staffing shortages in underserved regions. 

CNAs work in diverse healthcare environments, with the highest employment in skilled nursing facilities and hospitals. Home healthcare agencies also employ CNAs to provide care to patients in their homes. Assisted living centers, hospices, and government healthcare facilities also hire CNAs to ensure that patients receive essential support and monitoring.

How do the scope and practice of LPNs vs. CNAs compare?

LPNs have a broader scope of practice, which includes medical tasks and supervision, while CNAs provide fundamental support in daily activities. LPNs administer medications, assist with tests, update patient records, monitor vital signs, and help with patient transfers. They also provide comfort and personal care, including hygiene support and emotional reassurance.

For LPNs interested in career mobility and flexibility, there are options like how to become a travel licensed practical nurse, which expand both responsibilities and opportunities.

CNAs support patient care under the supervision of LPNs and RNs. Their tasks include changing linens, stocking medical supplies, and helping patients with restroom use. They also assist with patient transfers, monitor food and liquid intake, and help with dressing and bathing, ensuring comfort and dignity in their care.

How do the costs of becoming an LPN and a CNA compare?

Licensed practical nurse programs cost between $10,000 to $30,000 for tuition. Some programs may charge additional fees for books, uniforms, and clinical supplies, which can raise the total cost. LPN training is typically around 12 to 18 months, which adds to the overall expense but offers a higher salary and greater job responsibilities compared to a CNA.

For a certified nursing assistant program, the costs typically range from $500 to $2,000, depending on the provider and location. In addition to tuition, students may need to budget for supplies like textbooks, uniforms, and medical exams. Some programs also charge for certification exam fees, which are generally between $50 and $200. The duration of CNA programs is usually around 4 to 12 weeks, making it a quicker, more affordable entry into the healthcare field.

How much do LPNs vs. CNAs earn?

The average annual salary for a licensed practical nurse in the United States is approximately $54,700. Salaries typically range from $51,514 to $75,969, depending on factors such as experience, location, and workplace setting. For instance, entry-level LPNs earn around $52,525 annually, while those with over eight years of experience can expect approximately $57,334 per year.

A certified nursing assistant has an average annual salary of $37,140. The salary range for CNAs spans from $30,874 to $44,629, influenced by factors such as experience, location, and the specific healthcare facility. Entry-level CNAs earn about $35,696 annually, with those possessing over eight years of experience earning up to $38,792 per year.

What are the career advancement opportunities for LPNs vs. CNAs?

As the licensed practical nurse and certified nursing assistant progress in their careers, both have various pathways for advancement. Below is a breakdown of potential career advancements for each role, including detailed descriptions and median salaries.

Career Advancement Opportunities for LPNs

LPNs can enhance their careers by pursuing specialized roles or further education. Here are five notable advancement opportunities:

Registered Nurse (RN)

Transitioning from an LPN to an RN involves obtaining an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). Many LPN to RN online programs offer flexible learning options, allowing working nurses to advance their education while maintaining their jobs. 

Median salary: $87,868 per year

Charge Nurse

A Charge Nurse oversees a specific department or unit within a healthcare facility during their shift. Responsibilities include managing nursing staff, coordinating patient care, handling administrative tasks, and ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations. 

Median salary: $85,509 per year

Clinical Nurse Manager

Clinical Nurse Managers are responsible for the overall management of nursing staff and the administrative aspects of patient care within a department. Their duties encompass budgeting, staffing, policy development, and quality assurance. 

Median salary: $89,949 per year

Home Health Nurse

Home Health Nurses provide medical care to patients in their residences, offering services such as wound care, medication administration, and monitoring of chronic conditions. This role allows for a more personalized patient-nurse relationship and often involves educating patients and their families on managing illnesses or injuries at home.

Median salary: $75,459 per year

Hospice Nurse

Hospice Nurses specialize in caring for terminally ill patients, focusing on comfort and quality of life rather than curative treatments. They manage pain and other symptoms, provide emotional support to patients and families, and coordinate care with other healthcare professionals. 

Median salary: $87,186 per year

Career Advancement Opportunities for CNAs

CNAs often seek career advancement through additional education and certifications. Here are five common pathways:

Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)

CNAs can advance to LPNs by completing a state-approved practical nursing program and passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN). This role involves increased responsibilities, such as administering medications, performing routine lab tests, and assisting in patient care planning.

Median salary: $54,700 per year

Registered Nurse (RN)

Pursuing an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and passing the NCLEX-RN, CNAs can become RNs. This role encompasses comprehensive patient care, including assessments, developing and implementing nursing care plans, and collaborating with interdisciplinary teams.

Median Salary: $87,868 per year

Medical Assistant

Transitioning to a medical assistant role involves additional training to perform both clinical and administrative tasks. A certified medical assistant is responsible for taking patient histories, drawing blood, administering injections, scheduling appointments, and managing medical records.

Median Salary: $41,370 per year

Patient Care Technician (PCT)

PCTs perform advanced patient care tasks under the supervision of nursing staff. Duties may include EKG monitoring, phlebotomy, assisting with minor surgical procedures, and providing basic patient care. Additional certification or training is often required for this role.

Median Salary: $38,480 per year

Phlebotomist

Phlebotomists specialize in drawing blood for tests, transfusions, research, or blood donations. This role requires proficiency in venipuncture techniques and knowledge of proper handling and labeling of blood samples. Certification programs are available to gain the necessary skills.

Median Salary: $39,658 per year

What challenges do healthcare professionals face in LPN and CNA roles?

Both roles encounter unique workplace challenges that extend beyond clinical duties. LPNs manage higher responsibilities, including detailed documentation and legal accountability, which can lead to increased stress and the need for robust time-management skills. CNAs, while focused on direct patient support, often work under demanding conditions with rapid task turnover and staffing constraints, leading to physical and emotional strain. Addressing these challenges through targeted stress-management strategies and leadership training can enhance professional resilience and satisfaction. For those looking to expand their clinical expertise and step into advanced roles, consider exploring fast track nurse practitioner programs.

What industry trends are shaping the future of LPN and CNA roles?

Emerging healthcare trends are redefining traditional roles by integrating digital health, telemedicine, and evolving care models driven by an aging population. LPNs and CNAs benefit from understanding how technology improves patient monitoring, documentation, and overall care coordination. Additionally, shifts in policy and regulatory standards are prompting institutions to re-evaluate workflows and resource allocation, making adaptability a key competitive advantage. For professionals seeking rapid advancement into broader clinical roles, many institutions now offer accelerated education options, including 9 month RN BSN online programs, which further empower career progression in this dynamic environment.

What are the continuing education and renewal requirements for LPNs and CNAs?

Licensing and renewal for both LPNs and CNAs require meeting specific continuing education standards mandated by state boards. These requirements vary by jurisdiction and generally include updated training on patient safety protocols, current clinical practices, and legal regulations. LPNs, given the broader scope of their practice, may be required to cover advanced topics such as pharmacology and patient management, while CNAs focus on sustaining proficiency in essential care techniques. In addition to maintaining active licensure, some professionals opt for degree transition programs to further expand their clinical roles. For example, enrolling in non nursing bachelor's to MSN online programs can offer a structured pathway for those aiming to move into leadership and specialized nursing positions.

How can online specialization programs expand your nursing opportunities?

Advancing clinical knowledge through targeted online specialization programs offers a pathway to niche expertise beyond core LPN and CNA duties. Such tailored curricula enable healthcare professionals to swiftly adapt to evolving patient care demands and regulatory standards, fostering enhanced clinical judgment and leadership capabilities. For instance, dedicated training in mental health care builds competencies for addressing complex behavioral health challenges. Explore options like cheapest online psych NP programs to access high-quality, cost-effective education that supports your transition into advanced practice roles.

What skills are essential for LPNs vs. CNAs?

To become a successful Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA), professionals must have a mix of technical and general skills. Developing these essential skills enables effective care across diverse healthcare environments.

Technical & Clinical Skills for LPNs

LPNs provide precise patient care in diverse settings, handling both routine and emergency tasks. These are the essential technical and clinical skills for LPNs:

• Patient assessment. LPNs are trained to conduct initial patient evaluations, which include recording medical histories, observing symptoms, and measuring vital signs.
• Medication administration. LPNs must administer medications accurately, understanding pharmacology, drug interactions, and side effects to ensure patient safety.
• Wound care management. LPNs assess wounds, apply dressings, and monitor healing, ensuring infection prevention and promoting recovery.
• Intravenous (IV) therapy. LPNs often initiate and manage IV therapy, requiring skill in venipuncture and knowledge of fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Patient education. Educating patients and families on health conditions, treatments, and post-discharge care ensures understanding and effective health management.

Technical & Clinical Skills for CNAs

CNAs assist patients with daily activities and provide essential support to healthcare teams. Here are the essential technical and clinical skills for CNAs:

• Basic patient care. CNAs assist patients with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and feeding. This support is crucial for patients who have limited mobility or are recovering from illnesses.
• Vital signs monitoring. Regular measurement of vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure, allows CNAs to detect any significant changes in a patient's health status promptly.
• Infection control practices. Proper hygiene and infection control measures, like handwashing and using personal protective equipment, are essential to preventing infection spread in healthcare facilities.
• Mobility assistance. CNAs aid patients in moving safely, whether it's transferring from a bed to a chair or assisting with walking. Proper techniques ensure patient safety and reduce the risk of injury.
• Documentation and reporting. Accurately recording patient information and reporting any concerns to the nursing team ensures continuity of care and facilitates effective communication within the healthcare team.

General Skills Required for LPNs and CNAs

Despite the differences in their specific duties, LPNs and CNAs share several essential skills that are fundamental to providing quality patient care.

• Effective communication. Clear and compassionate communication with patients, families, and healthcare team members is vital. It ensures that patient needs are understood and addressed appropriately.
• Empathy and compassion. A genuine concern for patients' well-being fosters trust and comfort, enhancing the patient experience and promoting better health outcomes.
• Attention to detail. Careful observation and meticulousness help in identifying subtle changes in patient conditions and prevent potential errors in care.
• Physical stamina. Both roles often require long hours of standing, moving patients, and performing physically demanding tasks, necessitating good physical endurance.
• Adaptability. The healthcare environment is dynamic, and the ability to adapt to changing situations and patient needs is crucial for both LPNs and CNAs.

Which career is right for you: LPN vs. CNA?

When considering a healthcare career, it’s important to weigh the options and determine which role aligns best with your personal goals, interests, and lifestyle. To sum up our discussion above, these considerations will help you make an informed decision.

Choose LPN if:

• You want a higher salary and more job responsibilities. LPNs earn a significantly higher salary than CNAs, with a median annual wage of around $54,700 compared to $37,140 for CNAs.
• You’re willing to complete a longer training program. Becoming an LPN requires completing a practical nursing program, which typically takes 12 to 18 months. This program covers essential topics such as pharmacology, anatomy, and medical-surgical nursing.
• You may consider advancing to an RN role later. Many LPNs use their role as a stepping stone toward becoming a Registered Nurse (RN), which offers even greater career opportunities and higher pay. LPN to RN online programs allow professionals to build upon their existing education and experience, making it easier to transition into an RN program.

Choose CNA if:

• You want to enter the healthcare field quickly with minimal schooling. CNA programs are short and affordable, usually lasting between four to twelve weeks. Because of this quick training period, becoming a CNA is one of the fastest ways to start working in healthcare.
• You prefer working closely with patients in a hands-on role. CNAs provide direct, hands-on care to patients by assisting with bathing, dressing, feeding, and mobility.
• You want to gain experience before committing to further nursing education. Many individuals choose to become a CNA to gain hands-on experience in a healthcare environment before committing to a more advanced nursing program.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say about Choosing LPN vs. CNA Careers

Choosing to become an LPN allowed me to work more independently in healthcare, and the increased responsibilities have made my job much more fulfilling. I’ve learned so much about patient care, and it feels great knowing I’m making a real impact every day. – Jessica

I initially considered the CNA route, but I ultimately chose LPN because of the broader career opportunities and better salary potential. The extra training has been a challenge, but it’s well worth it, especially with the added autonomy in patient care. – Reana

As a CNA, I get to build strong, meaningful relationships with patients, and that’s what I love most about the job. While I may not have as many responsibilities as an LPN, knowing I’m there to comfort and assist those who need it keeps me motivated every day. – Mia

Other Things You Need to Know About LPN vs. CNA

Can an LPN perform all the duties of a CNA?

Yes, LPNs are trained to perform all the duties of a CNA, including assisting patients with daily activities like bathing, dressing, and feeding. In addition to these tasks, LPNs have the training to perform more complex medical procedures, such as administering medications, wound care, and monitoring vital signs. This expanded scope of practice allows LPNs to take on greater responsibilities in patient care.

Can LPNs and CNAs work in the same healthcare settings?

Yes, LPNs and CNAs often work in the same healthcare settings, such as hospitals, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities. While LPNs provide basic nursing care and supervise CNAs, CNAs assist with daily living activities and support LPNs in patient care, creating a collaborative care environment.

Do LPNs and CNAs work under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs)?

Yes, both LPNs and CNAs work under the supervision of Registered Nurses (RNs). LPNs assist with more advanced clinical tasks, while CNAs focus on daily patient care. RNs oversee and provide guidance, ensuring proper care and supervision in healthcare settings.

Can a CNA transition to an LPN role?

Yes, CNAs can advance their careers by becoming LPNs. Many educational institutions offer bridge programs designed to help CNAs transition to LPN roles. These programs recognize the experience CNAs bring and often provide a streamlined path to becoming an LPN. After completing the necessary education, CNAs must pass the NCLEX-PN exam to obtain licensure as an LPN.

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