How to Become a Network Security Engineer: Salary & Career Paths for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

In 2024, cyberattacks rose by 10% compared to the previous year, and the average cost of a data breach hit a record high of $4.88 million globally, according to IBM’s “Cost of a Data Breach Report.” This sharp increase highlights the critical need for cybersecurity experts, particularly network security engineers, who are the frontline defenders of digital systems. In this article, we’ll explore the network security engineer career path, salary potential for 2025, and the key factors needed to build a successful and rewarding career in this high-demand field.

Key Things You Should Know About a Network Security Engineer

Network security engineers are vital in safeguarding an organization's network infrastructure from cyber threats, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.
Due to the increasing frequency of cyberattacks, there's a strong demand for network security engineers, reflected in competitive salaries and numerous job opportunities.
The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, requiring network security engineers to engage in ongoing education and certification to stay ahead of emerging threats.

What is a network security engineer?
What degree is best for becoming a network security engineer for 2025?
What certifications do you need to be a network security engineer?
What skills are essential to succeed as a network security engineer?
What are the best entry-level network security engineering jobs?
What is the typical career path for a network security engineer?
What are the best specializations after network security engineering?
What industries hire network security engineers?
What is the average salary of a network security engineer in the U.S.?
What is the job outlook for network security engineers for 2025?
Can Artificial Intelligence Enhance Real-Time Threat Detection?
How Can Data Analytics Empower Proactive Network Security?
How Can Network Security Engineers Stay Current with Emerging Threats?
Can a multidisciplinary background enhance network security strategies?
What Do Graduates Say About Becoming a Network Security Engineer?
How Will Evolving Regulatory and Compliance Standards Impact Network Security Engineers?
Other Things You Should Know About a Network Security Engineer

What is a network security engineer?

A network security engineer is a specialized IT professional tasked with protecting an organization’s network infrastructure from cyber threats. Their role is central to preventing data breaches, service disruptions, and unauthorized access caused by malware, ransomware, phishing, and other attacks.

Key responsibilities of a network security engineer typically include:

Designing and implementing secure network architectures
Configuring and managing firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS)
Monitoring network traffic for unusual or suspicious activity
Performing regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing
Responding to and mitigating security incidents and breaches
Enforcing access controls and maintaining user permission policies
Ensuring compliance with security standards and regulations (e.g., NIST, HIPAA, GDPR)
Collaborating with IT and DevOps teams on secure system deployments
Keeping up with evolving threats and updating security protocols accordingly

With the rapid growth of cloud computing, remote work, and IoT devices, network security engineers now play a broader role than ever, requiring them to stay agile and continually upskill.

What degree is best for becoming a network security engineer for 2025?

If you're aiming to become a network security engineer, a formal education is one of the most effective ways to build the foundational knowledge and technical skills needed for the role. While it’s possible to enter the field through self-study and certifications, most employers still look for candidates with at least a bachelor’s degree. In fact, as of 2022, 61% of job postings for tech positions—including network security engineering—required a four-year degree or higher, according to labor market data.

Here are the most relevant degrees for aspiring network security engineers:

Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science: This is one of the most versatile degrees in tech. It provides a solid foundation in programming, algorithms, data structures, operating systems, and networking. While not exclusively focused on security, it prepares students to understand how systems work—an essential perspective when defending them.
Bachelor’s Degree in Cybersecurity: A more targeted degree, cybersecurity programs are built around subjects like ethical hacking, digital forensics, secure software development, cryptography, and network defense. These programs are designed to align closely with real-world threats and modern security protocols, making them highly relevant for future security engineers.
Bachelor’s Degree in Information Technology (IT): This degree covers a broad range of tech topics, including network administration, systems analysis, and database management. Many IT programs also offer concentrations or electives in security, which can help tailor the education toward a career in network protection.
Bachelor’s Degree in Information Security: A more specialized variant of cybersecurity and IT degrees, this program focuses deeply on protecting digital assets. Courses often include risk management, security policy, and compliance—all crucial for engineers working in regulated industries like healthcare and finance.
Master’s Degree in Cybersecurity or Information Security: While not a requirement for entry-level roles, a master’s degree can provide a competitive edge. It’s particularly useful for professionals aiming for leadership, research, or specialized roles in threat intelligence or governance. Universities like Western Governors University, the University of Maryland, and the University of Phoenix-Arizona are among the top institutions awarding degrees in computer and information security, as shown below.

Aside from the above degrees, there are also online vocational certificate programs in computer science that offer a flexible, accessible way to earn industry-recognized credentials that can boost your career prospects in network security.

What certifications do you need to be a network security engineer?

Certifications play a key role in proving your skills and are often used by employers to gauge how prepared a candidate is for the job. Whether you're pursuing cybersecurity credentials or exploring fields like online certificate medical billing and coding, these programs offer a practical path to career advancement. Some of the most valuable certifications available through these programs include:

CompTIA Security+: Best for entry-level professionals; covers fundamental security concepts and practices.
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Security: Focuses on network infrastructure and Cisco-specific security practices.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): An advanced certification that demonstrates in-depth knowledge of cybersecurity.
Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): Focuses on understanding and identifying potential vulnerabilities through penetration testing.
GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC): Demonstrates general security skills and is well-regarded by government and defense sectors.

According to Skillsoft’s 2024 IT Skills and Salary Report, 93% of IT professionals held at least one certification—up nearly 6% from the previous year. Many also reported tangible benefits, as shown below:

What skills are essential to succeed as a network security engineer?

Network security engineering is a dynamic and high-stakes field where threats evolve constantly and response times can make or break an organization’s security posture. Success in this role demands more than just technical know-how—it requires a well-rounded skill set that combines deep technical expertise with strategic thinking, clear communication, and the ability to adapt quickly.

Here are some of the key skills every successful network security engineer should have:

Technical Proficiency: A solid grasp of networking fundamentals and security tools is non-negotiable. This includes deep knowledge of protocols like TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/S, and hands-on experience with firewalls, IDS/IPS systems, VPNs, and encryption methods.
Problem Solving: Security incidents rarely come with clear instructions. Engineers need sharp critical thinking skills and the ability to troubleshoot under pressure, especially during a live breach or when uncovering complex vulnerabilities.
Programming Knowledge: While not always mandatory, familiarity with scripting languages such as Python, Bash, or PowerShell can be a major asset. These skills help automate tasks, write custom security tools, and streamline incident response workflows.
Communication: Security engineers must be able to clearly explain complex technical findings to non-technical stakeholders, such as executives or legal teams. They also need to work closely with IT, DevOps, and compliance teams to maintain a unified security strategy.
Analytical Thinking: Detecting anomalies requires an analytical mindset. Engineers should be skilled at reviewing network logs, identifying unusual patterns, and piecing together clues that indicate a potential attack.
Adaptability: The cybersecurity landscape is always changing. Engineers must stay ahead by continuously learning about new vulnerabilities, threat tactics, and tools. A strong sense of curiosity and commitment to ongoing education are key.

What are the best entry-level network security engineering jobs?

Breaking into network security can seem overwhelming, but several entry-level roles provide a solid foundation for growth in this field. These positions allow you to build hands-on experience, develop technical skills, and get exposure to real-world cybersecurity challenges—all while working under the guidance of more experienced professionals.

Here are some of the best entry-level jobs to start your journey toward becoming a network security engineer:

Network Security Analyst: These professionals are responsible for monitoring network traffic, identifying suspicious activity, analyzing system logs, and supporting the enforcement of security policies. This role develops key skills in threat detection and reporting, laying the groundwork for more advanced engineering responsibilities.
IT Security Administrator: A hands-on role focused on maintaining user access controls, configuring firewalls, and managing endpoint security tools. This job introduces you to key elements of security architecture and systems hardening.
Junior Network Engineer: While not exclusively focused on security, this position allows you to gain experience in setting up, maintaining, and troubleshooting network systems with an emphasis on security best practices. It’s a stepping stone to a more focused role in network defense.
Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst Tier 1: Often considered the frontline of an organization’s cybersecurity response, Tier 1 SOC analysts monitor security information and event management (SIEM) systems, investigate alerts, and escalate incidents as needed. It's an excellent role for learning how attacks unfold and how to respond in real time.
Technical Support Specialist (with a security focus): Although traditionally seen as a helpdesk role, tech support jobs in companies with a strong cybersecurity culture often involve resolving security-related issues such as malware infections, phishing attempts, and access control problems. This experience can build your security mindset early on.

While entry-level positions are available to cybersecurity professionals, including network security engineers, the number of open positions is significantly lower than those with experience and more advanced degrees, as shown below:

What is the typical career path for a network security engineer?

The career path for network security engineers is structured, offering clear advancement opportunities as you gain experience and expertise. Most professionals start in foundational roles and progress into more technical, strategic, or leadership positions over time. Here's how the typical trajectory unfolds:

Entry-Level (0-2 years): Roles include junior network engineer, SOC analyst, or IT security technician.
Mid-Level (2-5 years): Titles like network security engineer, security consultant, or security analyst become accessible.
Senior-Level (5-10 years): Professionals move into positions such as senior network security engineer or security architect.
Leadership (10+ years): Potential to ascend to roles like IT security manager, director of cybersecurity, or chief information security officer (CISO).

For those looking to transition into leadership, pursuing an MBA can boost strategic thinking, business acumen, and management skills—key assets for executive roles. Many professionals explore easy to get into MBA programs, which offer a more accessible path to gaining these credentials without sacrificing flexibility or quality.

What are the best specializations after network security engineering?

After gaining experience as a network security engineer, many professionals choose to specialize in a niche area to deepen their expertise and increase their impact. Specializing not only boosts your career potential but also opens doors to roles in highly sought-after domains of cybersecurity.

Here are some in-demand specializations to consider:

Penetration Testing: Also known as ethical hacking, this role involves simulating cyberattacks to uncover and address security vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them.
Cloud Security: Focuses on securing cloud environments like AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud. Specialists work on access control, data protection, and cloud-specific threats.
Threat Intelligence: Involves gathering, analyzing, and applying data about potential threats. This role helps organizations proactively defend against emerging cyber risks.
Incident Response: Specialists manage the immediate aftermath of security breaches, investigate root causes, and guide system recovery efforts while minimizing damage.
IoT Security: As smart devices multiply in homes, healthcare, and industrial settings, IoT security experts work to protect the networks and data powering them.

What industries hire network security engineers?

Network security engineers are in high demand across nearly every industry, as organizations work to protect sensitive data and digital infrastructure. Their skills are essential in sectors ranging from finance to healthcare, retail, government, and tech. Here's how network security plays a role in each:

Finance: Safeguards online banking, financial transactions, and customer data from cyber threats like phishing, ransomware, and identity theft.
Healthcare: Securing patient data and ensuring HIPAA compliance, which is an area that overlaps with fields like nursing informatics, where professionals often pursue th easiest online nursing informatics programs to build specialized skills.
Retail: Protects customer payment information, inventory systems, and e-commerce platforms from fraud and data breaches.
Government: Defends national security assets, critical infrastructure, and classified data from both domestic and international cyberattacks.
Tech Companies: From startups to giants like Google and Amazon, these organizations rely on security engineers to protect user data, cloud platforms, and proprietary technologies.

As of February 2024, the number of job listings upon searching for the term "network security" on Indeed and LinkedIn totaled nearly 84,000.

What is the average salary of a network security engineer in the U.S.?

The median annual wage for computer and IT professionals, including network security engineers, was $104,420 in May 2023, which was higher than the median annual wage for all occupations of $48,060. This salary range is also significantly higher than several occupations, such as a sports psychologist salary.

As of 2024, the average salary for a network security engineer in the U.S. ranges from $118,000 to $186,000 per year, according to Glassdoor. However, this varies based on various factors, such as location, industry, and experience, as shown below:

What is the job outlook for network security engineers for 2025?

The demand for network security engineers is rising due to cloud migration, the expansion of the IoT, and increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks. Companies are not only hiring more engineers but also offering higher salaries, investing in retention, and providing remote work options.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in computer and information technology occupations is projected to grow much faster than average between 2023 and 2033. Each year, about 356,700 job openings are expected, driven by both industry growth and the need to replace workers who leave the field permanently. This far exceeds the projected 54,700 annual openings for roles like a clinical social worker during the same period, highlighting the strong demand for tech professionals.

Can Artificial Intelligence Enhance Real-Time Threat Detection?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into cybersecurity frameworks, enabling real-time anomaly detection, automated threat analysis, and expedited incident response. By applying sophisticated machine learning algorithms, network security engineers can rapidly process large datasets to pinpoint vulnerabilities and emerging threats with precision. Moreover, leveraging AI insights can optimize monitoring systems and reduce false positives, thereby strengthening the overall security posture. For a cost-effective way to expand your technical skill set, consider exploring our guide on the cheapest online artificial intelligence programs.

How Can Data Analytics Empower Proactive Network Security?

Harnessing data analytics in network security involves analyzing extensive network data to reveal subtle trends and anomalies that conventional monitoring may overlook. By integrating statistical models and predictive algorithms, engineers can forecast potential vulnerabilities and implement targeted countermeasures before threats fully materialize. Advanced academic programs, such as affordable online master's in data science programs, equip professionals with the analytical skills to extract actionable insights, thereby strengthening incident response efficacy and enhancing overall security strategies.

How Can Network Security Engineers Stay Current with Emerging Threats?

Continuous skill enhancement is vital in a landscape where threat vectors evolve rapidly. Network security engineers should engage in professional development through advanced certifications, specialized training programs, and participation in industry conferences. Practical experience via hands-on labs and simulated breach scenarios further refines technical response capabilities. Also, leveraging resources such as peer discussion forums and expert-led webinars helps maintain a proactive understanding of new technologies and attack methodologies. For those looking to accelerate their foundational learning, consider pursuing the fastest computer science degree.

Can a multidisciplinary background enhance network security strategies?

Network security engineers can gain fresh insights and innovative problem-solving skills by incorporating methodologies from diverse disciplines. Integrating analytical techniques from software development and creative simulation design fosters a robust approach to identifying unconventional vulnerabilities and devising adaptive security measures. For example, exploring adjacent fields through programs like gaming degree online can widen a professional’s technical perspective, ultimately contributing to more resilient cyber defenses.

What Do Graduates Say About Becoming a Network Security Engineer?

Recent graduates emphasize that transitioning into network security engineering is marked by accelerated practical learning and an immediate need to apply classroom theories to real-world challenges. They appreciate robust internship programs and project-based experiences that reinforce technical skills alongside strategic decision-making under pressure. Graduates also point out that exposure to multidisciplinary training enriches their ability to assess risks from various perspectives, ultimately enhancing threat detection and response. Additionally, many have supplemented their education by exploring diverse academic paths, including programs such as the cheap online nursing informatics degree, which have provided complementary insights into secure data management and regulatory challenges.

What Do Graduates Say About Becoming a Network Security Engineer

Becoming a network security engineer gave me the chance to protect critical infrastructure while constantly learning about emerging cyber threats. The sense of purpose I feel knowing my work helps prevent real-world attacks is incredibly rewarding. Jude
The field of network security is fast-paced and intellectually stimulating—no two days are ever the same. I love that I get to solve complex problems and stay on the cutting edge of technology every single day. Stephen
What drew me to network security engineering was the job stability and global demand for skilled professionals. But what kept me here is the supportive community and the deep satisfaction of making the digital world safer. Luisa

How Will Evolving Regulatory and Compliance Standards Impact Network Security Engineers?

Network security engineers must now navigate an increasingly complex regulatory landscape, where evolving data privacy laws and industry-specific compliance requirements directly influence security strategies. Staying informed on legal mandates not only helps in mitigating risks associated with non-compliance but also encourages proactive collaboration with legal and compliance teams to design robust network safeguards. In certain sectors, such as healthcare, understanding the nexus between cybersecurity and regulatory protocols—illustrated by dedicated initiatives like the health informatics career pathway—can be crucial for aligning technical solutions with statutory obligations.

Key Findings

61% of tech job postings, including network security engineering, require a four-year degree or higher.
As of 2024, 93% of IT professionals have at least one certification.
13% of job openings on CyberSeek are available to those with an associate’s degree.
Nearly 84,000 job listings related to network security were posted on Indeed and LinkedIn.
The salary for a network security engineer in the U.S. ranges from $118,000 to $186,000 per year.

Other Things You Should Know About a Network Security Engineer

Is network security engineering stressful?

Yes, it can be. Network security engineers are often on the front lines during cyber incidents, which can mean long hours and high pressure, especially when dealing with active threats or breaches. However, many professionals find the work rewarding and stimulating because of the constant problem-solving and the clear impact of their efforts. Stress levels also vary depending on the industry and how well-supported the security team is.

Are there free online courses for aspiring security engineers?

Absolutely. Platforms like Cybrary, Coursera, and edX offer free introductory courses in network security, ethical hacking, and cybersecurity fundamentals. Many of these courses are backed by reputable institutions or companies like Cisco and IBM. While free courses are a great starting point, hands-on practice and certifications are key to becoming job-ready.

Is it too late to switch careers to cybersecurity at 35 or 40?

Not at all. Cybersecurity values skills, problem-solving, and practical experience over age. In fact, career switchers often bring valuable transferable skills from previous roles in IT, compliance, or even non-tech fields like law or business. With the massive talent shortage in cybersecurity, there’s room for dedicated professionals of any age.

References:

Data USA. (2023). Computer & information systems security. Data USA. Retrieved April 8, 2025.
Glassdoor. (2024, June 6). How much does a network security engineer make? Glassdoor.com. Retrieved April 8, 2025.
IBM. (2025). Cost of a data breach report 2024. IBM - United States. Retrieved April 8, 2025.
U.S. BLS. (2024, August 29). Computer and information technology occupations. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved April 8, 2025.