Do You Need a Doctorate (DNP) Degree to be a Nurse Practitioner for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Deciding on the right educational path to become a nurse practitioner (NP) can feel overwhelming, especially with the growing conversation around whether a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree is necessary. Many aspiring NPs wonder if they can enter the field with a master’s degree or if pursuing a DNP has become the new standard.

This guide is designed to help you cut through the uncertainty by breaking down the current requirements, options, and career impacts of earning a DNP. Whether you are just starting to explore how to become a nurse practitioner or you’re a working nurse considering advancing your credentials, this article will provide expert insights, up-to-date information, and practical advice to help you make an informed decision about your future in advanced nursing practice.

Key things you should know about DNP degrees and becoming a nurse practitioner:

Nurse practitioners are advanced practice registered nurses who provide primary and specialized care, often serving as a patient’s main healthcare provider.
Becoming a nurse practitioner typically requires completing either a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), depending on state and employer requirements.
The job outlook for nurse practitioners is highly favorable, with employment projected to grow 40% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations.

What are the education requirements to become a nurse practitioner?
How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner with a DNP?
Do nurse practitioners need a doctoral degree in every state?
How is a DNP different from a PhD in nursing?
How much can you earn as a nurse practitioner in the U.S.?
What nurse practitioner roles require a DNP degree?
What are the career options and average salaries for those with a DNP degree?
What financial aid or scholarships are available for DNP students?
How should I evaluate a DNP program to meet my career goals?
How can bridge programs enhance my readiness for a DNP degree?
How do online DNP programs compare to on-campus options?
What is the job outlook for nurse practitioners in the U.S.?
What advantages do accelerated DNP programs offer?
Other things you should know about becoming a nurse practitioner

What are the education requirements to become a nurse practitioner?

To become a nurse practitioner, you need to follow a structured educational path that builds your clinical skills, advanced knowledge, and prepares you for licensure and certification. Below are the key educational requirements, each playing an essential role in your journey toward advanced nursing practice.

Earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): You must first complete a BSN program, which provides foundational nursing education in areas like anatomy, pharmacology, and patient care. This degree also prepares you to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a licensed registered nurse.
Obtain Registered Nurse (RN) Licensure: After graduating with your BSN, you need to pass the NCLEX-RN, a national licensing exam that qualifies you to practice as an RN. Gaining real-world nursing experience at this stage is crucial before advancing to graduate studies. Once you are an RN, you can pursue one of the most affordable BSN to DNP programs online, which allows you to continue your education while working.
Complete a Graduate Nursing Program (MSN or DNP): To become an NP, you must earn a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) from an accredited program. While an MSN meets the minimum requirements, many nurses pursue a DNP for its advanced focus on leadership, clinical practice, and healthcare systems.
Earn National Certification in a Specialty Area: Once you complete your graduate degree, you must pass a national certification exam in your chosen NP specialty, such as family practice, acute care, or psychiatric-mental health. This certification is essential for obtaining state licensure and practicing as a nurse practitioner.
Apply for State Licensure as a Nurse Practitioner: Finally, you must apply for licensure in the state where you plan to practice, meeting any additional requirements set by the state’s nursing board. This ensures you can legally provide advanced care, prescribe medications, and perform the full scope of NP duties.

Are you confused about the difference between APRN and NP? Advanced practice registered nurses and nurse practitioners are essentially the same, both with a level of advanced education and clinical training that is beyond that of an RN. However, APRNs belong to a broader category, and they can specialize as an NP, a clinical nurse specialist, a certified nurse midwife, or a certified nurse anesthetist.

How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner with a DNP?

Becoming a nurse practitioner with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) typically requires several years of dedicated education and training. After completing a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), nurses must apply to a DNP program, which generally takes three to five years of full-time study, depending on the program structure, specialization, and whether the student is entering with a BSN or a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Some schools offer part-time or online options, which can extend the timeline but provide flexibility for working professionals.

In addition to coursework, DNP programs include advanced clinical training, leadership development, and a final scholarly project or capstone. For students entering a BSN-to-DNP program, the path usually takes closer to five years, while those entering with an MSN may complete their DNP in as little as one to two years. It’s important to note that licensure and certification as a nurse practitioner can often be obtained after completing an MSN, but pursuing a DNP offers additional qualifications for advanced roles, leadership positions, and specialized practice areas.

It takes 3 to 5 years to become a NP with a DNP..png

Do nurse practitioners need a doctoral degree in every state?

Many aspiring nurse practitioners wonder if a doctoral degree is required to practice across all states, and the answer is important for anyone planning their educational path. While a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) offers advanced training and leadership preparation, it is not currently required by every state for entry-level NP practice.

Most states accept a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): Across the U.S., most states allow nurse practitioners to become licensed and practice with an MSN degree, provided they meet national certification requirements. This means you can become an NP without a DNP, although some healthcare employers may increasingly prefer or encourage the doctoral credential. For individuals looking to transition into nursing, direct entry MSN programs for non-nurses online offer an accessible pathway to become an NP without first obtaining a BSN, making it easier for those from other fields to enter the profession.
The DNP is recommended but not mandatory nationwide: Leading nursing organizations, such as the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), recommend transitioning to the DNP as the standard for advanced practice. However, this is a recommendation, not a legal requirement, and state licensing boards still accept MSN graduates for NP roles.
Certain advanced or specialized roles may favor DNPs: While the DNP is not required to become a general NP, pursuing this degree can open doors to higher-level clinical, leadership, or academic roles. Some states and employers may prefer or prioritize DNP-prepared NPs when hiring for these specialized positions.

How is a DNP different from a PhD in nursing?

Understanding the difference between a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and a PhD in Nursing is crucial for nurses deciding which doctoral path aligns with their career goals. While both are terminal degrees, they serve distinct purposes within the nursing profession and lead to different types of roles.

DNP focuses on clinical practice and leadership: The DNP is designed for nurses who want to advance their clinical expertise, improve patient outcomes, and take on leadership or administrative roles in healthcare settings. This degree emphasizes evidence-based practice, healthcare policy, and system improvement, preparing graduates to translate research into practice. For those considering the DNP path, exploring the cheapest online DNP programs can be a cost-effective option to meet the evolving industry standards without taking on excessive debt.
PhD in Nursing focuses on research and academia: The PhD is a research-focused degree aimed at preparing nurse scientists to generate new nursing knowledge, conduct original research, and contribute to academic scholarship. PhD graduates often work in universities, research institutions, or policy organizations, where they focus on advancing the science of nursing through research and teaching.
Different career outcomes and skill sets: While both doctoral paths are prestigious, DNP graduates typically remain in clinical, leadership, or executive roles within healthcare systems, whereas PhD graduates pursue research, academic, or policy careers.

While both the DNP and PhD in Nursing represent the highest levels of achievement in the nursing field, they lead to very different career paths and professional focuses. Understanding these differences is essential for nurses who want to align their advanced education with their long-term goals.

How much can you earn as a nurse practitioner in the U.S.?

Nurse practitioners in the U.S. enjoy competitive salaries, with the average annual pay reaching $132,050 per year according to recent national data. This reflects the growing demand for advanced practice providers in healthcare and the essential role NPs play in delivering primary and specialized care. NPs not only diagnose and treat patients but also prescribe medications, manage chronic conditions, and provide preventive care, often serving as a patient’s primary healthcare provider, especially in underserved areas.

However, salaries can vary widely depending on several important factors. While the national average is impressive, nurse practitioners in some regions or specialties may earn significantly more or less.

Factors that affect NP salary include:

Geographic location: NPs working in urban areas or states with high demand often command higher salaries.
Specialization: Specialties like adult-gerontology nurse practitioner (AGNP), acute care, pediatric care, psychiatric-mental health, and neonatal care tend to offer higher pay than general family nurse practitioner (FNP) practice. You may want to know the difference between FNP and AGNP, as well as with other specializations so you can decide which one to go for.
Years of experience: Seasoned NPs typically earn more due to their advanced clinical skills and expertise.
Practice setting: Salaries can differ between hospitals, private practices, outpatient centers, and educational institutions.
Level of education and certification: Holding a DNP or additional certifications can boost earning potential by qualifying NPs for leadership or advanced clinical roles.

You can talk to a nurse recruiter regarding available jobs or placements, as well as pay. But what does a nurse recruiter do? A nurse recruiter finds, screens, and helps hire nurses, including NPs for hospitals, clinics, or staffing agencies.

What nurse practitioner roles require a DNP degree?

While a DNP is not yet required for all nurse practitioner roles, there are certain advanced positions within healthcare that increasingly prefer or require a DNP degree. As healthcare continues to evolve, the DNP is becoming the standard for many specialized and leadership roles in nursing. Below are some NP roles where a DNP may be required or highly recommended:

Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA): Nurse anesthetists are responsible for administering anesthesia during surgical procedures. Many states and healthcare organizations now require CRNAs to hold a DNP to practice in this specialized role. The DNP prepares them with the advanced clinical, leadership, and research skills needed for this high-stakes, complex position.
Nurse Midwife (CNM): Certified nurse midwives are responsible for providing care to women throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. As the demand for highly trained professionals in women’s health grows, some employers are now requiring nurse midwives to have a DNP, which helps them integrate advanced clinical practice and healthcare system management.
Leadership and Executive Roles: As healthcare organizations continue to prioritize leadership in clinical settings, nurse practitioners who take on roles such as Chief Nursing Officers (CNOs) or Nursing Directors are increasingly expected to have a DNP. These roles require advanced skills in management, policy, and leadership that a DNP is specifically designed to provide.
Academic Faculty: Nurse practitioner educators who teach at the university level, especially those involved in developing curricula or guiding research, may need a DNP. The advanced research and leadership training offered by a DNP is valuable for those looking to teach and mentor future nurse practitioners.

What are the career options and average salaries for those with a DNP degree?

What does a DNP do? Professionals who earn a DNP degree open the door to a wide range of advanced career opportunities that go beyond traditional nurse practitioner roles. These positions often come with increased responsibilities, leadership potential, and higher salaries compared to MSN-prepared nurses, reflecting the advanced clinical and administrative expertise a DNP provides.

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Roles ($132,050): DNP-prepared APRNs work as nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, or nurse midwives, providing advanced patient care in hospitals, clinics, or private practices. They deliver specialized services such as diagnosing conditions, prescribing medications, and managing complex health cases. For those interested in specializing, a women's health nurse practitioner career guide can provide valuable insights into the education, certification, and responsibilities specific to this field, helping aspiring professionals navigate the path to becoming experts in women's health.
Clinical Nurse Specialist ($94,545): Clinical nurse specialists with a DNP focus on improving patient outcomes through evidence-based practice and advanced clinical expertise. They often work in hospital systems or specialty clinics, consulting on complex cases, guiding nursing staff, and leading quality improvement initiatives.
Nurse Executive or Director of Nursing ($108,675): DNP graduates in leadership roles oversee nursing teams, manage healthcare operations, and shape organizational policies. These positions are often found in large hospitals, healthcare systems, or academic institutions, where they combine clinical knowledge with administrative oversight.
Nursing Faculty or Educator ($102,263): DNP-prepared nurses who work in academia teach the next generation of nurses and nurse practitioners in universities or nursing schools. They develop curricula, mentor students, and contribute to scholarly research in nursing practice and education.
Healthcare Policy Analyst or Consultant ($96,920): DNP nurses working in policy or consulting use their clinical expertise to advise healthcare organizations, government agencies, or nonprofits. They focus on improving healthcare systems, developing public health initiatives, and shaping legislation that affects patient care delivery.

These positions not only provide the chance to make a significant impact on patient outcomes and the healthcare system but also come with competitive salaries that reflect the advanced training and expertise of DNP-prepared professionals. For those interested in specializing in geriatrics, understanding the steps to become a GNP (Gerontological Nurse Practitioner) is essential, as this pathway allows NPs to meet the unique healthcare needs of aging populations. The table below highlights some of the key career options available to those with a DNP degree, along with their average salaries:

What financial aid or scholarships are available for DNP students?

Pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice DNP can be a significant financial investment, but there are various financial aid options and scholarships available to help ease the cost. Here are some key resources for DNP students looking to fund their education:

Federal Financial Aid (FAFSA): DNP students can apply for federal student loans and grants by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The U.S. government offers several loan programs for graduate students, including Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Graduate PLUS Loans. These loans generally have lower interest rates than private loans, and federal aid can provide some relief for students pursuing advanced degrees.
University-Specific Scholarships and Grants: Many universities offer scholarships or fellowships specifically for DNP students, especially those with excellent academic records or a demonstrated commitment to nursing leadership. These scholarships can be merit-based or need-based and may cover part or all of your tuition fees. It’s important to check with the specific school or program you are applying to for available opportunities.
Nursing-Specific Scholarships: Several organizations offer scholarships to nursing students pursuing advanced degrees, including DNPs. For example, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) both offer scholarships and loan repayment programs for students pursuing advanced practice nursing degrees. These scholarships often come with specific requirements, such as working in underserved areas for a certain number of years post-graduation.
Employer Tuition Assistance Programs: Many healthcare employers offer tuition reimbursement or assistance programs to employees pursuing advanced degrees, including a DNP. If you are already working in a healthcare setting, check with your employer to see if they offer financial support for education. Some employers may cover a portion of your tuition or provide paid time off for studying.
Professional Nursing Organizations: Various nursing associations, including the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) and Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, offer scholarships or financial assistance to advanced practice nursing students. These scholarships can help cover tuition, textbooks, and other educational expenses.

If you are interested in a specialized path, such as how to become a holistic nurse practitioner, there are financial resources that can specifically support students in integrative and holistic health programs, making it more accessible to those interested in this growing field.

How should I evaluate a DNP program to meet my career goals?

When selecting a DNP program, it is essential to assess factors such as accreditation status, curriculum rigor, faculty qualifications, and clinical practicum quality. Evaluate whether the program is recognized by national nursing accreditation bodies and if it offers contemporary coursework that aligns with evolving clinical standards. Consider the balance between theoretical instruction and practical experience, including how well the program facilitates access to diverse clinical placements and leadership development opportunities. Additionally, review financial commitments and support resources, ensuring that tuition, available scholarships, and flexible payment options justify the long-term return on your investment. For those looking to strengthen foundational credentials, examine pathways like the easy RN to BSN online programs that can complement your advancement to a DNP.

How can bridge programs enhance my readiness for a DNP degree?

Bridge programs offer focused pathways that build essential clinical and academic skills before entering a DNP curriculum. These preparatory routes—ranging from accelerated LPN-to-RN tracks to targeted RN-to-BSN completion courses—enable prospective DNP candidates to consolidate foundational knowledge and practical experience. For example, enrolling in the top 6-month LPN to RN programs online can provide a streamlined entry into nursing, ensuring readiness for advanced coursework. Such programs not only enhance clinical competencies but also demonstrate proactive commitment to professional development, factors increasingly valued by both academic institutions and employers in the evolving landscape of advanced nursing practice.

How do online DNP programs compare to on-campus options?

When considering whether to pursue a DNP degree online or on campus, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons of each option. Both pathways can lead to the same DNP credential, but they offer different experiences in terms of flexibility, structure, and learning environments. Here's a breakdown of how online and on-campus DNP programs compare:

Flexibility and Convenience: Online DNP programs typically offer more flexibility, allowing students to complete coursework on their own schedule and from anywhere. This is especially beneficial for working nurses who need to balance their studies with professional and personal commitments. On the other hand, on-campus programs usually have set schedules for classes and clinical hours, which may require relocation or more rigid time commitments.
Cost Considerations: Online DNP programs often have lower tuition rates than on-campus programs, and students can save additional costs related to commuting, housing, and campus fees. However, some online programs may still carry fees for technology or virtual resources. On-campus programs may involve additional costs for travel and accommodation if you need to relocate or commute.
Learning Environment and Support: On-campus DNP programs offer direct, face-to-face interactions with professors and peers, which can provide a more traditional classroom experience and foster deeper connections. Many students enjoy the personal interaction and networking opportunities available in these programs. Online DNP programs, however, rely on virtual platforms for communication, though many offer synchronous sessions or virtual office hours to ensure students still have access to support.

What is the job outlook for nurse practitioners in the U.S.?

The job outlook for nurse practitioners (NPs) in the U.S. is exceptionally strong, reflecting both rising healthcare demands and the expanding role of advanced practice providers. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners is projected to grow 40 percent from 2023 to 2033, a rate much faster than the average for all occupations. This surge is driven by several factors, including an aging population, increased emphasis on preventive care, and the growing need for healthcare services in rural and underserved areas where NPs often serve as primary care providers.

In addition to this rapid growth, the healthcare industry anticipates about 31,900 openings for nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners each year over the next decade. These openings will arise not only from new job creation but also from the need to replace workers who retire or leave the profession. As healthcare systems continue to evolve, nurse practitioners with advanced degrees like a DNP will be particularly well-positioned for leadership roles, specialized clinical positions, and opportunities to shape the future of patient care. The chart below shows the projected employment numbers for nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners in the U.S.:

Here’s what graduates have to say about their DNP degrees

Pursuing my DNP was a game-changer for my career. It not only gave me the advanced clinical skills to provide better patient care, but it also opened doors to leadership roles in healthcare that I never thought possible. I’m now confident in my ability to lead change and improve systems of care. – Alan

The DNP program allowed me to deepen my knowledge and become an expert in my specialty, which directly impacted my practice. The research skills I developed helped me make a real difference in patient outcomes, and the flexibility of online learning allowed me to balance my work and personal life effectively. – Rosie

Completing my DNP was one of the most rewarding experiences of my career. It was challenging, but the knowledge and clinical expertise I gained have transformed my approach to patient care. I’m now in a position to mentor other nurses, and I feel more empowered to influence healthcare policy. – Lynette

What advantages do accelerated DNP programs offer?

Accelerated DNP programs are designed for experienced nurses seeking to fast-track their advanced clinical training while maintaining rigorous standards in evidence-based practice and leadership development. These programs condense core coursework and clinical practicums, enabling professionals to transition quickly into advanced roles without compromising the depth of learning. They also offer flexible learning modalities—often incorporating online components—to accommodate busy work schedules while ensuring that clinical competencies are met. Prospective students should evaluate factors such as curriculum structure, clinical placement quality, and post-graduation outcomes. For a quick overview of options, consider exploring accelerated DNP programs that balance efficiency with comprehensive training.

Key Findings

The employment of nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners is projected to grow 40% from 2023 to 2033.
About 31,900 openings for nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners are projected each year.
DNP programs typically require 3 to 5 years of full-time study, depending on whether students are attending part-time or full-time.
Nurse anesthetists with a DNP degree can expect to earn a higher salary, with the potential for greater leadership and specialized clinical roles compared to those with an MSN.
The average salary for nurse practitioners in the U.S. is $132,050 per year, reflecting the high level of expertise required for this advanced practice role.

Other things you should know about DNP degrees and becoming a nurse practitioner

Can MSN-prepared nurse practitioners compete for the same jobs as DNP-prepared NPs?

Yes, MSN-prepared nurse practitioners can compete for many of the same jobs as DNP-prepared NPs, as most states do not require a DNP for entry-level practice. However, in competitive healthcare environments, some employers may prefer DNP-prepared NPs due to their advanced training in leadership, evidence-based practice, and healthcare systems. Over time, the demand for DNP-prepared NPs may increase, particularly for roles involving advanced clinical decision-making, management, and teaching.

Is a DNP degree worth it for nurse practitioners?

For nurse practitioners who aspire to take on leadership positions, influence healthcare policies, or specialize in complex clinical roles, a DNP degree can be highly valuable. While the initial investment of time and money may seem significant, the benefits include higher earning potential, expanded career opportunities, and the ability to shape healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes. Additionally, as the healthcare industry increasingly shifts towards evidence-based and patient-centered care, a DNP helps NPs stay ahead in their field.

Do certification boards require a DNP for nurse practitioners?

Currently, certification boards do not require a DNP for nurse practitioners to sit for certification exams or practice as NPs. Most states still accept an MSN as the minimum educational requirement for certification and licensure. However, various nursing organizations, such as the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), are pushing for the DNP to become the entry-level requirement for nurse practitioners in the future to standardize education and improve the overall quality of care.

How does a DNP prepare nurse practitioners for leadership roles?

A DNP prepares nurse practitioners for leadership roles by offering advanced training in healthcare management, policy, and organizational leadership. DNP programs focus on developing critical thinking and decision-making skills, enabling NPs to lead interdisciplinary teams, implement change within healthcare systems, and drive quality improvement initiatives. This leadership training empowers NPs to influence healthcare delivery, advocate for patient-centered policies, and effectively manage clinical environments to improve patient outcomes.

References:

Regis College. (2023).Timeline: How Long Is a DNP Program? Regis College
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). OOH: Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners. U.S. BLS
ZipRecruiter. (2025). Clinical Nurse Specialist Salary. ZipRecruiter