2027 Worst States for Library Science Degree Graduates: Lower Pay, Weaker Demand, and Career Barriers
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Choosing where to work after a library science degree can shape your pay, job security, and career path as much as the degree itself. A strong local market may offer public library roles, academic library positions, archives, digital curation work, and advancement into management. A weaker market may have only a small number of full-time openings, tighter public budgets, and salaries that do not keep pace with living costs.
Nationally, the median annual wage for library and information science professionals was $60,820 in 2022, but state-level outcomes can vary sharply. Graduates who enter states with fewer library systems, limited archival institutions, smaller university networks, or constrained public funding may face underemployment, slower wage growth, or the need to relocate. This guide identifies states where library science graduates may encounter weaker conditions and explains how to evaluate salary, demand, cost of living, remote work, and long-term career fit before committing to a location.
Key Things to Know About the Worst States for Library Science Degree Graduates
- Lower salary levels for library science graduates can vary widely, with some states offering median annual wages 20% below the national average.
- Weaker job demand in certain states results in fewer openings, leading to increased competition and limited hiring for new graduates.
- Geographic barriers, such as rural locations, restrict access to professional networks and continuing education, hindering long-term career advancement.
Which States Are the Worst for Library Science Degree Graduates?
The most difficult states for library science graduates are typically those with a combination of lower pay, fewer library and archival employers, limited public funding, and weaker advancement paths. These states are not automatically poor choices for every graduate, but they require more careful planning because full-time, degree-aligned roles may be harder to secure.
Wage differences can be meaningful. Some regions pay up to 20% less than the national average for comparable roles, which can affect loan repayment, relocation decisions, and long-term financial stability. Graduates should compare not only advertised salaries but also the number of openings, employer types, benefits, and promotion potential.
- Mississippi: Mississippi is often cited for low library science degree salaries by state, with median annual wages frequently below $40,000. For new graduates, that can make it harder to build financial stability, especially if roles are part-time or benefits are limited.
- West Virginia: A slower economy and a smaller base of public and academic library employers can reduce demand. Graduates may find fewer openings that match specialized library science training.
- Arkansas: Arkansas has a smaller library science industry presence, which can narrow options in both urban and rural areas. Career growth may depend heavily on a limited number of institutions.
- Alaska: Alaska can be challenging because modest library salaries may not align well with a high cost of living. Geography can also limit the number of nearby employers and professional networking options.
- New Mexico: Lower employment rates in the library sector can create competition for available roles. Graduates may need to consider adjacent information, education, or records-management jobs to stay employed in the field.
Students comparing graduate education routes should also think about mobility. A flexible program, such as one of the 1 year online masters programs, may help some students continue working while preparing for broader job markets, but location still matters after graduation.
Why Do Some States Offer Lower Salaries for Library Science Graduates?
States offer lower salaries for library science graduates when local employers have smaller budgets, fewer competing institutions, and less demand for specialized information work. Salary levels are usually shaped by the structure of the state economy rather than by the value of the degree alone.
Regional industry composition is one of the biggest factors. States with stronger education, technology, government, healthcare, museum, research, and cultural sectors tend to support more complex information needs. That can increase demand for librarians, archivists, records managers, digital asset specialists, and information professionals. By contrast, states with fewer universities, research centers, large public library systems, or cultural institutions may have fewer employers competing for talent.
Employer concentration also matters. Where many public libraries, academic institutions, museums, archives, and corporate information teams operate, salaries can rise because employers compete for qualified professionals. In states with only a small number of such organizations, workers may have less negotiating power. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows mean annual wages for librarians differ by over 30% between the highest- and lowest-paying states, showing how strongly geography can affect compensation.
State and local budget priorities are another major driver. Many library jobs depend on public funding, university budgets, or nonprofit support. Fiscal constraints can limit hiring, suppress raises, reduce full-time openings, and delay investment in digital services. These conditions affect both starting salaries and mid-career earnings. Students comparing earning potential across fields may also review the most profitable majors, but library science candidates should interpret income data in the context of public-service funding and regional demand.
Which States Have the Weakest Job Demand for Library Science Careers?
States with the weakest job demand for library science careers generally have smaller populations, fewer large universities, fewer archives or museums, and limited public investment in library systems. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in library and archival roles may vary by over 30% from state to state, which means graduates can face very different job markets depending on where they live.
Weak demand does not mean there are no jobs. It means openings may appear less often, require broader responsibilities, or attract more applicants because there are fewer alternatives nearby. Graduates in these states may need to search longer, consider hybrid or remote roles, or expand into related information-management work.
- West Virginia: A limited number of academic and public libraries reduces the overall volume of library science positions. Smaller population centers and restrained cultural infrastructure can further limit openings.
- Wyoming: Wyoming has a smaller employer base and fewer large educational institutions, which can reduce demand for traditional library and archival roles.
- Montana: Sparse institutional presence and lower public funding can make library science hiring less consistent. Graduates may find that openings are geographically dispersed.
- North Dakota: Fewer major universities and research centers, combined with budget limitations, can reduce opportunities in specialized library and information roles.
- Alaska: Geographic isolation and low population density can limit hiring, even where specialized library services are needed. Graduates may face fewer nearby employers and higher relocation barriers.
One library science graduate described the job search in low-demand states as discouraging because full-time roles were scarce and many postings required experience that was difficult to gain locally. He said he applied to dozens of positions and eventually realized that staying in the region could mean compromising on job quality or relocating to pursue more meaningful library science work.
Entry-level opportunities are often scarcest in states with fewer large library systems, smaller university networks, limited cultural institutions, and slower public-sector hiring. This matters because the first job after graduation can determine whether a new professional gains cataloging, reference, archives, digital services, children’s programming, instruction, or management experience.
Some regions, especially in the Midwest and parts of the South, report up to 30% fewer early-career job listings. That shortage can slow career entry and affect library science degree salary growth by industry because graduates may start in part-time, temporary, or lower-paid roles before reaching stable full-time employment.
- Alaska: A limited urban population and a smaller pool of centralized employers can reduce entry-level openings. Graduates may need to consider remote or cross-functional roles.
- Wyoming: The state’s narrow employer base and limited number of large educational or cultural institutions can make early-career options harder to find.
- Mississippi: Fewer established library systems and lower industry concentration can restrict opportunities for new graduates trying to enter the field.
- North Dakota: Limited economic hubs and slower public-sector expansion can reduce entry-level library and information science roles.
In these states, graduates should treat the first job search as a market-entry strategy rather than a simple application process. Useful steps include applying before graduation, completing internships in multiple library settings, building digital portfolio evidence, and considering related work in records management, instructional support, metadata, archives, or community programming. Students evaluating flexible education options may compare the best online schools while also checking whether programs offer field placements or career support in their target state.
Library science graduates in weaker state markets often face barriers beyond salary. The main challenges include a thin employer base, fewer full-time roles, limited specialization options, and slower promotion paths. Wage gaps for information professionals can surpass 20% between regions with strong institutional support and those with more limited resources.
- Limited industry presence: States with fewer public libraries, academic libraries, archives, museums, and specialized information centers offer a narrower job market. This can make each opening more competitive.
- Low employer diversity: Some states may have public library roles but few corporate archives, legal libraries, medical libraries, digital content teams, or research institutions. That can limit specialization and salary growth.
- Few advancement paths: Smaller systems may have fewer management layers. A graduate may need to wait years for a promotion or relocate to move into leadership.
- Funding limitations: Tight budgets can reduce hiring, delay raises, limit professional development, and slow adoption of digital tools that help workers build modern skills.
- Part-time or temporary work: In some markets, early-career roles may be hourly, grant-funded, or temporary. This can make it harder to qualify for benefits or build a stable career path.
A library science professional described the process as requiring persistence, networking, and flexibility. She applied to many types of libraries and information centers because local opportunities were scarce. She also accepted temporary or part-time roles while looking for a stable position. Her experience shows why graduates in weaker markets need a broader plan: build transferable skills, maintain professional contacts, and remain open to related roles while pursuing a long-term library science career.
Industry presence affects both the number and quality of library science jobs in a state. Strong education, healthcare, government, research, information, and cultural sectors create more demand for professionals who can organize, preserve, retrieve, and teach the use of information. States with large universities, public library networks, archives, museums, corporate records departments, and digital information teams usually provide a wider range of roles.
According to a 2022 Bureau of Labor Statistics report, states like California and New York, which have high employment concentrations of librarians, pay wages that are 20 to 30 percent above the national median. These states tend to have larger institutional ecosystems, which can support more specialized jobs and stronger advancement pathways.
Economic diversity also affects job stability. A state with several strong sectors may offer alternative routes if one employer type slows hiring. For example, a graduate who cannot find an academic library position may still pursue archives, knowledge management, public-sector records, healthcare information, or digital asset work. In states that rely heavily on a few industries or have slower economic growth, library budgets and hiring may be more vulnerable to cuts.
For prospective students, the practical lesson is clear: evaluate the local employer ecosystem before choosing where to work. A lower salary in a state with many institutions and advancement paths may be more promising than a similar salary in a state with few employers and little mobility.
Cost of living changes the real value of a library science salary. A higher nominal salary in an expensive state may not provide more financial comfort if housing, transportation, taxes, and daily expenses are also high. Conversely, a lower salary in a more affordable state may stretch further, though weaker markets may offer fewer job choices and slower advancement.
Salary increases in high-cost areas often range from 10% to 30% higher than in more affordable regions. However, those increases do not always fully offset living expenses. Graduates should compare purchasing power, not just annual pay.
| Factor | Why it matters for library science graduates |
| Housing costs | Rent or mortgage costs can quickly erase the benefit of a higher salary in a major metro area. |
| Transportation | Rural and geographically large states may require longer commutes, while urban areas may add transit or parking costs. |
| Benefits | Health insurance, retirement contributions, paid leave, and tuition support can make a lower salary more competitive. |
| Job stability | A modest salary with full-time status and strong benefits may be better than higher hourly pay without security. |
| Advancement potential | A higher-cost market may still be worthwhile if it offers stronger promotion paths and specialized roles. |
When comparing offers, graduates should calculate monthly take-home pay after estimated housing, transportation, insurance, and loan payments. The best offer is not always the highest salary; it is the one that supports both financial stability and career growth.
Remote work can help library science graduates in low-opportunity states, but it is not a complete solution. It can expand access to employers outside the local market, especially for roles involving digital archiving, metadata, cataloging, database maintenance, research support, content organization, records management, and information governance. Approximately 30% of knowledge-based professionals have adopted some form of remote work since the pandemic began, showing that location flexibility has become more common.
For graduates in states with few libraries or archives, remote work can reduce the pressure to relocate immediately. It may also allow professionals to build experience with larger institutions, national organizations, or private-sector employers. However, remote library science jobs can be highly competitive because applicants are no longer limited to one local area.
Graduates who want remote options should build evidence of skills that can be evaluated online. Strong examples include metadata projects, digital exhibits, taxonomy work, instructional guides, database cleanup, archival finding aids, research support samples, and experience with information-management software. Those considering broader business or management roles may also look at flexible programs such as a 1 year online MBA no GMAT, although the best credential depends on the target role.
In a weak job market, library science graduates need a wider and more deliberate search strategy. Fewer openings, slower hiring, and lower wages require candidates to show practical value quickly and consider roles beyond traditional public or academic libraries. In some regions, unemployment rates among library and information science professionals can be 20% higher than the national average, with significantly reduced entry-level openings.
- Build marketable technical skills: Strengthen skills in metadata, digital preservation, database searching, cataloging systems, research instruction, data organization, accessibility, and digital collections. These skills transfer across libraries, archives, education, government, and private-sector information roles.
- Use internships and volunteer work strategically: Do not treat unpaid or temporary experience as a substitute for employment indefinitely. Use it to produce portfolio evidence, gain references, and target specific skill gaps.
- Apply across adjacent fields: Consider records management, archives, knowledge management, instructional support, digital asset management, compliance documentation, research coordination, and information governance.
- Network before positions open: Join professional associations, attend local library board meetings when appropriate, connect with alumni, and request informational interviews. In small markets, many opportunities are discovered through relationships.
- Consider relocation or hybrid commuting: If a state has very few openings, moving to a stronger regional hub may be the most realistic way to secure full-time work and advancement.
- Negotiate the full offer: If salary flexibility is limited, ask about professional development funds, conference support, remote days, relocation assistance, schedule flexibility, or a clear review timeline.
- Choose education with the job market in mind: A master in library science can be valuable, but students should compare program cost, accreditation, field experience, and placement support before enrolling.
Some students may also explore an online interdisciplinary studies degree financial aid pathway if their goals span education, technology, public service, and information management. The key is to match credentials to realistic job openings rather than assuming a degree alone will overcome a weak regional market.
To choose the best location for a library science career, compare salary, job volume, employer diversity, cost of living, and long-term advancement together. A state with a slightly lower salary may still be a better choice if it has more institutions, stronger benefits, and a clearer promotion ladder. Research shows that employment in library science-related fields can differ by over 30% across U.S. regions, so location should be part of career planning from the start.
- Map the employer base: Look for public library systems, universities, community colleges, museums, archives, research centers, hospitals, law firms, government agencies, and corporate information teams.
- Compare job postings over time: Do not rely on one week of listings. Track openings for several months to see whether the market consistently supports the roles you want.
- Evaluate salary against cost of living: Use take-home pay, housing costs, transportation, benefits, and student loan obligations to estimate real affordability.
- Check advancement pathways: Look for senior librarian, branch manager, archivist, digital services, systems librarian, instruction, metadata, or administration roles. A market with no senior roles may limit growth.
- Assess professional networks: Strong state library associations, conferences, continuing education, and alumni networks can help with mentorship and hidden job leads.
- Consider community fit: Library work is community-centered. Demographics, language needs, rural access, school partnerships, and local priorities can shape daily responsibilities.
A practical approach is to create a shortlist of states or metro areas, then compare them using the same criteria. The best location is the one where your target roles appear regularly, salaries support your living needs, and the local professional ecosystem gives you room to grow.
What Graduates Say About the Worst States for Library Science Degree Graduates
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: "After graduating with a library science degree, I quickly realized how tough it was to find opportunities in states with weak demand for our expertise. Staying put meant limited growth, so I chose to relocate to a more promising state with a thriving library community, which rejuvenated my career prospects. This move proved critical, as my degree continues to be a strong foundation for evolving roles in digital archiving and information management.
— Emmanuel"
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: "Reflecting on my career journey, I faced significant challenges staying in a region where library science jobs were scarce and underfunded. Rather than succumb to stagnation, I sought remote positions and freelance work that allowed me to apply my skills broadly. The versatility of my library science degree not only opened doors but also provided a unique perspective on curating information in diverse environments.
— Gage"
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: "Professionally, having a library science degree has been enormously valuable, though I found some states simply weren't conducive to thriving in this field due to low job availability. I decided that relocating to a state with a stronger information sector was necessary, which allowed me to leverage my degree fully. This experience taught me that geographic flexibility can be just as important as academic credentials in building a successful career.
— Isaac"
Other Things You Should Know About Library Science Degrees
Certification standards for library science professionals can differ significantly between states, especially those with weaker job markets. Some states require specific state-issued certifications or continuing education credits beyond a master's degree, which can add both time and expense for graduates. In states with lower demand, these additional credential requirements may pose extra barriers to employment.
Yes, in states with fewer library science positions, competition for specialized roles such as archivists, digital librarians, or information managers tends to be much higher. Graduates may find themselves competing against a larger pool of candidates for limited openings, which can slow career progression and reduce opportunities for gaining specialized experience.
States with limited budgets for public and academic libraries often restrict funding for new hires, professional development, and technological upgrades. This can lead to stagnant salaries and fewer promotions for library science graduates, as well as diminished chances to work with cutting-edge resources or advanced library systems that are pivotal for career advancement.
- Library Love: A Matter of Degree - Is Library and Information Science Really The Worst Master’s Degree? https://litreactor.com/columns/a-matter-of-degree-is-library-and-information-science-really-the-worst-masters-degree
- Factors Hindering Career Growth and Prospects Of Library And Information Science (LIS) Professionals https://www.academia.edu/103155021/Factors_Hindering_Career_Growth_and_Prospects_Of_Library_And_Information_Science_LIS_Professionals
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- How’s the Math Now? Looking at the lack of library job growth over the last decade https://hiringlibrarians.com/2022/10/31/hows-the-math-now-looking-at-the-lack-of-library-job-growth-over-the-last/
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- Out of 173 Majors, Library Science Reportedly Has Fourth Highest Unemployment Rate https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/out-of-173-majors-library-science-reportedly-has-fourth-highest-unemployment-rate
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- Library Science majors face high unemployment and low wages https://www.becomealibrarian.org/jobs/library-science-majors-face-high-unemployment-and-low-wages/
